Abstract: The rapid development of industries and aquaculture has led to increasingly severe energy crises and water environmental pollution issues. As a green and efficient energy conversion technology and environmental remediation, photocatalysis has attracted widespread attention. Bismuth oxide-based layered compounds (Aurivillius type layered materials) show significant potential in photocatalytic applications due to their adjustable band gaps and spontaneous polarization characteristics. However, its insufficient visible-light utilization and inefficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers restrict practical applications. Therefore, exploring various synthesis methods and modification strategies holds great significance for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of Aurivillius type layered materials. This article systematically introduces the structural characteristics and synthesis approaches of monolayer, bilayer, and multilayer Aurivillius type layered photocatalytic materials. It comprehensively analyzes their latest research progress in pollutant degradation, photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production, and CO₂ reduction. Furthermore, it thoroughly discusses modification strategies such as heterojunction construction, metal doping, and surface engineering for bismuth oxide-based layered compounds, which serves as a reference for the in-depth study of such catalysts.